Investigating Breast Lumps
- Ultrasound Scan
An ultrasound machine uses sound waves to image parts of the body, including breast lumps. The sound waves are transmitted through a probe, which is placed over the breast. Lubricating gel is placed on the breast skin to improve contact. The sound waves are reflected within the breast back to the ultrasound machine, which transforms them into a computer image viewed on a display monitor.
The ultrasound examination is carried out by the radiologist, who decides whether the lump is a cyst (bag full of fluid) or a solid lump (Figure 5). A solid lump is more likely to be a cancer, particularly if it has irregular borders, vertical orientation and an increased blood supply. A breast cyst can be treated straight away using a needle and syringe.
Ultrasound is highly accurate in distinguishing cysts from solid lumps, and in assessing the lump size.
Ultrasound examination does not usually cause pain, but occasional mild discomfort may be experienced due to the ultrasound device pressing against the breast. This is particularly true if the scan is performed around the time of the period in a younger woman. Ultrasound scan is recommended in all younger women (less than 35 years of age) who have breast lumps.